Murakami Haruki
Entry updated 6 March 2023. Tagged: Author.
(1949- ) Japanese author, translator and former jazz bar proprietor, inspired by such Americana as the stories of Richard Brautigan and the Absurdist SF of Kurt Vonnegut. Murakami's laconic prose is thick with American allusions and quite unlike the insular intricacies of earlier Japanese literature. His rambling, pensive characters, often suppressing emotional trauma through the pursuit of an unlikely McGuffin, are joined in later books by a recurring obsession with Japanese expansionism on the Asian mainland, particularly in World War Two. Many works juxtapose a contemporary world seen in terms of drab farce with a fantastical and ultimately allegorical Parallel World. Though he is a prominent translator of English fiction into Japanese, Murakami does not translate his own work into English.
The semi-autobiographical Rat Sequence chronicles the 1970s through the eyes of a would-be author, beginning in Kaze no Uta o Kike (June 1979 Gunzō; trans by Alfred Birnbaum as Hear the Wind Sing, 1987; new trans Ted Goossen as Wind 2015 dos) with fannish appreciations of the fictional American novelist Derek Heartfield, a suicidal pulp author modelled in equal parts on Robert E Howard and Yukio Mishima. 1973-nen no Pinball (March 1980 Gunzō; 1979; trans Alfred Birnbaum as Pinball 1973, 1985; new trans Ted Goossen 2015 dos) comprises a melancholy quest for a pinball machine believed to hold the ghost of a former lover (see Identity Transfer). Translated in domestic editions for students of English, neither work was released outside East Asia at the author's own insistence until the new translations appeared in 2015. Hence, most foreign readers only encountered the Rat Sequence through its Noma-award winning third instalment, Hitsuji o Meguru Bōken (August 1982 Gunzō; 1982; trans Alfred Birnbaum as A Wild Sheep Chase 1989), which augments the earlier paradigm with a Chandleresque quest for a fabricated sheep, mixing Fabulation and nightmare. With Murakami's consent, the translation redacts period details and inserts some 1980s anachronisms, divorcing it from the chronology of the books that originally framed it. The final volume, Dance Dance Dance (1988; trans Alfred Birnbaum 1994) features a dingy flophouse that somehow still inhabits the same space as the plush new hotel that has supplanted it, just as shadows of the past haunt the modern Japanese psyche. (see Magic Realism; Time Paradoxes).
Although little more than a mundane recycling of Murakami's earlier concerns, the phenomenally successful Norway no Mori (1987, trans twice as Norwegian Wood, 1989 Japan and 2000) [see Checklist for details] made him a wealthy man. Fleeing media attention in Japan for two years on the US lecture circuit, he wrote a survey of modern Japanese literature, Wakai Dokushu no tame no Tanpen Shōsetsu Annai ["An Introduction to Young Authors"] (1997). Meanwhile, eager American academics elbowed aside Murakami's earlier, less laurelled translators, not always for the better, leading to several works available in rival editions. Later novels repeat the formulae of idiosyncratic quests and mournful elegies, but with named narrators different from the unidentified "I" who unites the Rat Sequence. Sekai no Owari to Hard-boiled Wonderland (1985; trans Alfred Birnbaum as Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World 1991; vt The Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World 1991) presents separate but converging narratives in the style of Vonnegut's Sirens of Titan (1959); the first depicts a Future War for data in a Near-Future Japan that has become definable as a nest of information; the second depicts a fantasy realm where scribes extract dreams from the skulls of unicorns (see also Dream Hacking). Such dovetailed trajectories recur in Umibe no Kafka (2002, trans by Philip Gabriel as Kafka on the Shore, 2005) and shades of Philip K Dick can be found in the Alternate World in which the protagonist of 1Q84 ["1984"] (2009; trans by Jay Rubin and Philip Gabriel 2011) finds herself (see George Orwell; Franz Kafka). Kishidancho Goroshi (2017; trans Philip Gabriel and Ted Goossen as Killing Commendatore 2018) conveys a failed portrait painter Underground into realms where works of art (see Arts) come alive; the titular reference to the death and Reincarnation of the Commendatore as a living statue in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Lorenzo da Ponte's Don Giovanni (1787) may have been designed as a trigger for Western readers.
Murakami was also formerly the Japanese translator of Truman Capote, Raymond Carver, F Scott Fitzgerald, and John Irving, among others, until this parallel career was overshadowed by the success of his own fiction. His genre translations include The Polar Express (1985, trans 1987) by Chris Van Allsburg and Catwings (1988, trans 1992) by Ursula K Le Guin. His immense stylistic influence on contemporary Japanese, Chinese and Korean popular culture is discernible in everything from increased sales of Beatles albums, to the intersecting vignettes of Wong Kar-wai's film Chungking Express (1994) and the sentimental Anime of Makoto Shinkai. The quintessence of Murakami is the twice-translated, twice-filmed "Shigatsu Aru no Hareta Asa ni 100 Percent Onna no Ko ni De'au Koto ni Tsuite" (July 1981 Trèfle, coll 1983, trans as "On Meeting My 100% Woman One Fine April Morning", 1991 [see Checklist for details]) a brief encounter that extrapolates a mere glance at a passing stranger into a whole world of what-if.
The Elephant Vanishes (coll trans Alfred Birnbaum and Jay Rubin 1993) and Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman (coll trans Jay Rubin and Philip Gabriel 2006) assemble shorter works from several Japanese collections. [JonC/JC]
Haruki Murakami
born Kyoto, Japan: 12 January 1949
works
series
Rat
- Kaze no Uta o Kike (Tokyo: Kōdansha, 1979) [first appeared June 1979 Gunzō: Rat: binding unknown/]
- Hear the Wind Sing (Tokyo: Kōdansha English Library, 1987) [trans of the above by Alfred Birnbaum: this edition released only in Japan: Rat: pb/Maki Sasaki]
- Wind (London: Harvill Secker, 2015) [dos: new trans of above by Ted Goossen: back-to-back with Pinball below: Rat: hb/]
- 1973-nen no Pinball (Tokyo: Kōdansha, 1980) [first appeared March 1980 Gunzō: Rat: binding unknown/]
- Pinball 1973 (Tokyo: Kōdansha English Library, 1985) [trans of the above by Alfred Birnbaum: this edition released only in Japan: Rat: pb/Maki Sasaki]
- Pinball (London: Harvill Secker, 2015) [dos: new trans of above by Ted Goossen: back-to-back with Wind above: Rat: hb/]
- Hitsuji o Meguru Bōken (Tokyo: Kōdansha, 1982) [Rat: binding unknown/]
- A Wild Sheep Chase (Tokyo: Kōdansha English Library, 1989) [published in two volumes: trans of the above by Alfred Birnbaum: released only in Japan: Rat: pb/Maki Sasaki]
- A Wild Sheep Chase (Tokyo: Kōdansha International, 1989) [international edition of the above with student notes removed: Rat: hb/Shigeo Okamoto]
- A Wild Sheep Chase (Tokyo: Kōdansha English Library, 1989) [published in two volumes: trans of the above by Alfred Birnbaum: released only in Japan: Rat: pb/Maki Sasaki]
- Dance Dance Dance (Tokyo: Kōdansha, 1988) [Rat: binding unknown/]
- Dance Dance Dance (Tokyo: Kōdansha International, 1994) [trans of the above by Alfred Birnbaum: Rat: hb/Maki Sasaki]
individual titles
- Sekai no Owari to Hard-boiled Wonderland (Tokyo: Shinchōsha, 1985) [binding unknown/]
- Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World (Tokyo: Kōdansha International, 1991) [trans of the above by Alfred Birnbaum: hb/Shigeo Okamoto]
- The Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1991) [vt of the above trans: hb/David Cutter]
- Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World (Tokyo: Kōdansha International, 1991) [trans of the above by Alfred Birnbaum: hb/Shigeo Okamoto]
- Norway no Mori (Tokyo: Kōdansha, 1987) [published in two volumes: pb/nonpictorial]
- Norwegian Wood (Tokyo: Kōdansha English Library, 1989) [published in two volumes: trans of the above by Alfred Birnbaum: pb/nonpictorial]
- Norwegian Wood (London: Harvill, 2000) [published in two volumes: trans of the above by Jay Rubin: pb/nonpictorial]
- Kokkyō no Minami, Taiyō no Nishi (Tokyo: Kōdansha, 1992) [binding unknown/]
- South of the Border, West of the Sun (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1999) [trans of the above by Philip Gabriel: hb/]
- Nejimakidori Chronicle (Tokyo Shinchōsha, 1994-5) [Published in three volumes: binding unknown/]
- The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1997) [trans of the above by Jay Rubin: hb/Chip Kidd]
- Lexington no Yūrei ["The Ghost of Lexington"] (Tokyo: Bungei Shunjūsha, 1996) [coll: binding unknown/]
- Sputnik no Koibito (Tokyo: Kōdansha, 1999) [binding unknown/]
- Sputnik Sweetheart (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 2001) [trans of the above by Philip Gabriel: hb/Chip Kidd]
- Kami no Kodomotachi wa Mina Odoru ["All God's Children Can Dance"] (Tokyo: Shinchōsha, 2000) [hb/]
- after the quake (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 2002) [coll of linked stories: trans of the above by Jay Rubin: hb/photographic]
- Umibe no Kafka (Tokyo: Shinchōsha, 2002) [binding unknown/]
- Kafka on the Shore (London: Harvill Secker, 2005) [trans of the above by Philip Gabriel: hb/Corbis]
- After Dark (Tokyo: Kōdansha, 2004) [binding unknown/]
- After Dark (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 2007) [trans of the above by Jay Rubin: hb/]
- Fushigi na toshokan (Tokyo: Kōdansha, 2005) [binding unknown/]
- The Strange Library (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 2014) [chap: trans by Ted Goossen of the above: illus/hb/Chip Kidd]
- 1Q84 ["1984"] (Tokyo: Shinchōsha, 2009) [published in three volumes: hb/nonpictorial]
- 1Q84: Book One and Book Two (London: Harvill Secker, 2011) [trans by Jay Rubin of the first two volumes of the above: hb/Suzanne Dean]
- 1Q84: Book Three (London: Harvill Secker, 2011) [trans by Philip Gabriel of the third volume: hb/Suzanne Dean]
- Shikisai o motonai Tazaki Tsukuru to kare no junrei to hoshi ["Colourless Tsukura Tazaki and his Years of Pilgrimage"] (Tokyo: Bungei Shunjū, 2013) [hb/]
- Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage (London: Harvill Secker/New York: Vintage, 2014) [trans of the above by Philip Gabriel: hb/Suzanne Dean]
- Kishidancho Goroshi ["Killing Commendatore"] (Tokyo: Bungei Shunjū, 2017) [hb/]
- Killing Commendatore (New York: Vintage, 2018) [trans of the above by Philip Gabriel: hb/]
collections
- Chūgoku-yuki no Slow Boat ["A Slow Boat to China"] (Tokyo: Chūō Kōronsha, 1983) [coll: binding unknown/]
- "A Slow Boat to China", "The Kangaroo Communiqué" and "The Last Lawn of the Afternoon" from this collection trans by Alfred Birnbaum in The Elephant Vanishes (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1993) [coll: hb/]
- "The Kangaroo Communiqué" from this collection trans by Philip Gabriel (Spring 1988 ZYZZYVA) [mag/]
- "A Perfect Day for Kangaroos" from this collection trans by Ted Goossen in Soho Square IV (London: Bloomsbury Press, 1991) edited by Bill Manhire [anth: pb/]
- "The New York Mining Disaster" from this collection trans by Philip Gabriel (11 January 1999 The New Yorker) [mag/]
- Kangaroo-biyori ["A Perfect Day for Kangaroos"] (Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1983) [coll: binding unknown/]
- "On Meeting My 100% Woman One Fine April Morning" from this collection translated by Kevin Flanagan and Tamotsu Omi in New Japanese Voices (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1991) edited by Helen Mitsios [anth: hb/]
- "In the Year of Spaghetti" from this collection trans by Ted Goossen (Summer 1992 Descant 76) [mag/]
- "On Seeing the 100% Perfect Girl One Beautiful April Morning" and "A Window" trans by Jay Rubin in The Elephant Vanishes (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1993) [coll: hb/]
- "A Poor-Aunt Story" from this collection trans by Jay Rubin (3 December 2001 The New Yorker) [mag/]
- "Dabchick" from this collection trans by Jay Rubin (Winter 2000 McSweeney's) [mag/]
- Hotaru, Naya o Yaku, Sono-ta no Tanpen ["Firefly, Barn Burning, and Other Stories"] (Tokyo: Shinchōsha, 1984) [coll: binding unknown/]
- "Barn Burning" from this collection trans by Alfred Birnbaum in The Elephant Vanishes (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1993) [coll: hb/]
- "The Dancing Dwarf" from this collection trans by Jay Rubin in The Elephant Vanishes (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1993) [coll: hb/]
- Kaiten Mokuba no Dead Heat ["Dead Heat on a Merry-Go-Round"] (Tokyo: Kōdansha, 1985) [coll: binding unknown/]
- "Lederhosen" from this collection translated by Alfred Birnbaum in The Elephant Vanishes (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1993) [coll: hb/]
- Pan'ya Saishūgeki ["The Second Bakery Attack"] (Tokyo Bungei Shunjūsha, 1986) [coll: binding unknown/]
- The Elephant Vanishes (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1993) [coll: trans by Alfred Birnbaum and Jay Rubin of the following stories from the above: "The Fall of the Roman Empire, The 1881 Indian Uprising, Hitler's Invasion of Poland, and the Realm of the Raging Winds", "The Wind-up Bird and Tuesday's Women", "The Second Bakery Attack", "The Elephant Vanishes" and Family "Affair": hb/Chip Kidd]
- TV People (Tokyo: Bungei Shunjūsha, 1990) [coll: binding unknown/]
- "TV People" and "Sleep" from this collection translated by Alfred Birnbaum and Jay Rubin in The Elephant Vanishes (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1993) [coll: hb/]
- Tōkyō Kitanshū ["Strange Tales from Tokyo"] (Tokyo: Shinchōsha, 2005) [coll: hb/]
- Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman (London: Harvill Secker, 2006) [coll: trans by Philip Gabriel and Jay Rubin of the above: plus earlier and later stories: hb/various images]
- Ichininsho Tansu (Tokyo: Bungei Shunjūsha, 2020) [coll: binding unknown/]
- First Person Singular (London: Harvill Secker, 2021) [coll: trans by Philip Gabriel of the above: hb/Lena Peters]
nonfiction
Murakami's prolific nonfiction work spans essays, music appreciations and travel diaries, and is only sampled here.
- Wakai Dokushu no tame no Tanpen Shōsetsu Annai ["An Introduction to Young Authors"] (Tokyo: Bungei Shunjūsha, 1997) [nonfiction: binding unknown/]
- Underground (Tokyo: Kōdansha, 1997) [nonfiction: binding unknown/]
- Yakusoku-sareta Basho de: Underground 2 ["The Place That Was Promised: Underground 2"] (Tokyo: Bungei Shunjūsha, 1998) [nonfiction: binding unknown/]
- Underground: The Tokyo Gas Attack and the Japanese Psyche (New York: Knopf, 2000) [nonfiction: omni: cut trans of both of the above by Alfred Birnbaum (vol 1) and Philip Gabriel (vol 2): pb/]
- Hashiru Koto ni Tsuite Kataru Toki ni Boku no Kataru Koto (Tokyo: Bungei Shunjūsha, 2007) [nonfiction: binding unknown/]
- What I Talk About When I Talk About Running (New York: Knopf, 2008) [nonfiction: trans of the above by Philip Gabriel: hb/]
about the author
- Jay Rubin. Haruki Murakami and the Music of Words by (London: Harvill, 2002) [nonfiction: pb/Keenan]
- David Karashima. Who We're Reading When We're Reading Murakami (New York: Soft Skull Press, 2020) [nonfiction: pb/nonpictorial]
links
previous versions of this entry