Raymond, Alex
Entry updated 23 December 2023. Tagged: Artist, Comics.
(1909-1956) US Comic-strip artist. As Jane Frank aptly notes, he is "one of the most famous science fiction artists of all time, although he never contributed an illustration to any science fiction magazine or book", earning that status for his decade of drawing the comic strip Flash Gordon.
Raymond received his artistic training at the Grand Central School of Art in New York City and began his career by working as an assistant on the strip Tillie the Toiler; soon he was also contributing to Chic Young's Blondie and Lyman Young's Tim Tyler's Luck. In 1934, he began drawing three strips of his own: Secret Agent X-9, scripted by Dashiell Hammett; Jungle Jim, the adventures of a hunter in Asia, which inspired sixteen Columbia Pictures films (1948-1956) starring Jonny Weissmuller as the jungle hero, one with sf elements being Killer Ape (1953); and most notably, Flash Gordon. Though he soon dropped Secret Agent X-9, Raymond continued drawing the other two strips until he joined the United States Marines in 1944. His work during that decade established him as the first demonstrably modern comics illustrator, as he progressed from convoluted masses and strong, sweeping lines to a more precise and controlled style. He also refined the technique of "feathering" (a series of fine brush- or pen-strokes used in cartooning to create contours) to a degree as yet unexcelled in comic strips. His style was romantic, the protagonists' features impossibly heroic, and the settings exotic and fantastic. Largely due to the popularity of his artwork, the characters Flash Gordon and Jungle Jim were soon appearing in film serials, later followed by films and television programs. Raymond is also the credited author of some Flash Gordon and Jungle Jim books, though these are likely the work of ghostwriters.
After Raymond left the Marines in 1946, he created a new strip featuring private detective Rip Kirby, which proved very popular. In 1956, he tragically died in an automobile accident at the peak of his career; some have speculated that he deliberately sought to kill himself due to marital problems, though others scoff at the notion. Since his death, Raymond has been cited as a key influence by dozens of comics artists, and his work has been featured in countless compilations; the list below is necessarily incomplete. He was inducted into the Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame in 1996. [JG/GW]
Alexander Gillespie Raymond
born New Rochelle, New York: 2 October 1909
died 6 September 1956
works (all probably ghostwritten)
- Flash Gordon on the Planet Mongo (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1934) [juvenile fiction: in Big Little Book format: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon and the Tournaments of Mongo (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1935) [juvenile fiction: in Big Little Book format: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon and the Monsters of Mongo (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1935) [juvenile fiction: in Big Little Book format: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon: The Tournament of Death (Chicago, Illinois: Pleasure Books, 1935) [juvenile fiction: illustrated pop-up book: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon in the Caverns of Mongo (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1936) [fiction: some sources give year of publication as 1937: hb/Robb Beebe]
- Flash Gordon and the Witch Queen of Mongo (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1936) [juvenile fiction: in Big Little Book format: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon and the Tyrant of Mongo (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1936) [juvenile fiction: in Big Little Book format: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Jungle Jim (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1936) [juvenile fiction: in Big Little Book format: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Jungle Jim and the Vampire Woman (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1937) [juvenile fiction: in Big Little Book format: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon in the Water World of Mongo (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1937) [juvenile fiction: in Big Little Book format: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon in the Forest Kingdom of Mongo (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1938) [juvenile fiction: in Big Little Book format: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon and the Perils of Mongo (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1940) [juvenile fiction: in Big Little Book format: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon in the Ice World of Mongo (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1941) [juvenile fiction: in Big Little Book format: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon and the Power Men of Mongo (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1943) [juvenile fiction: in Big Little Book format: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon and the Red Sword Invaders (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1945) [juvenile fiction: in Big Little Book format: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon in the Jungles of Mongo (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1947) [juvenile fiction: in Big Little Book format: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon and the Fiery Desert of Mongo (Racine, Wisconsin: Whitman Publishing Company, 1948) [juvenile fiction: a "Big Little Book": hb/Alex Raymond]
graphic works
This list excludes non-sf compilations, foreign compilations, and ephemera.
- Alex Raymond, Illustrator: Flash Gordon in the Water World of Mongo (Toronto: Whizzbang – Memory Lane Publishing, 1967) [graph: compilation of comic strips: pb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon (Franklin Square, New York: Nostalgia Press, 1967) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon in the Ice Kingdom of Mongo (New York: Crown Publishing, 1967) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon, Volume 2: Into the Water World of Mongo (Franklin Square, New York: Nostalgia Press, 1971) [graph: compilation of comic strips: pb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon, Volume 3: The Planet Mongo and the Water World of Mongo (Franklin Square, New York: Nostalgia Press, 1974) [graph: compilation of comic strips: pb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon, Volume 4: Versus Frozen Horrors (Franklin Square, New York: Nostalgia Press, 1978) [graph: compilation of comic strips: pb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon: Mongo, the Planet of Doom (Princeton, Wisconsin: Kitchen Sink Press, 1990) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon, 1935-1937: Three Against Ming (Princeton, Wisconsin: Kitchen Sink Press, 1991) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon #3: Tides of Battle (Princeton, Wisconsin: Kitchen Sink Press, 1992) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon #4: The Fall of Ming (Princeton, Wisconsin: Kitchen Sink Press, 1992) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon #5, 1941-1943: Between Worlds at War (Princeton, Wisconsin: Kitchen Sink Press, 1992) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon #6, 1943-1944: Triumph in Tropica (Princeton, Wisconsin: Kitchen Sink Press, 1992) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Alex Raymond's Flash Gordon, Volume 1 (Miamisburg, Ohio: Checker Book Publishing, 2004) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Alex Raymond's Flash Gordon, Volume 2 (Miamisburg, Ohio: Checker Book Publishing, 2004) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Alex Raymond's Flash Gordon, Volume 3 (Miamisburg, Ohio: Checker Book Publishing, 2005) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Alex Raymond's Flash Gordon, Volume 4 (Miamisburg, Ohio: Checker Book Publishing, 2005) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Alex Raymond's Flash Gordon, Volume 5 (Miamisburg, Ohio: Checker Book Publishing, 2005) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Alex Raymond's Flash Gordon, Volume 6 (Miamisburg, Ohio: Checker Book Publishing, 2006) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Alex Raymond's Flash Gordon, Volume 7 (Miamisburg, Ohio: Checker Book Publishing, 2007) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Definitive Flash Gordon and Jungle Jim, Volume 1 edited by Dean Mullaney (San Diego: California: IDW Publishing, 2011) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Definitive Flash Gordon and Jungle Jim, Volume 2 edited by Dean Mullaney (San Diego: California: IDW Publishing, 2012) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon: On the Planet Mongo: The Complete Flash Gordon Library, Volume 1 (London: Titan Books, 2012) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon: The Tyrant of Mongo: The Complete Flash Gordon Library, Volume 2 (London: Titan Books, 2012) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
- Flash Gordon: The Fall of Ming: The Complete Flash Gordon Library, Volume 3 (London: Titan Books, 2013) [graph: compilation of comic strips: hb/Alex Raymond]
about the artist
- Tom Roberts. Alex Raymond: His Life and Art (Silver Spring, Maryland: Adventure House, 2008) [nonfiction: illustrated biography: foreword by George Lucas: introduction by James Bama: hb/Alex Raymond and photograph]
links
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